Voltage & Potential Difference Calculator
Solve fundamental Ohm’s law and electrostatic voltages, calculate feeder cable voltage drop, and design resistive voltage dividers
Calculated Electric Potential (Voltage)
120.000 V
120,000 mV • 0.1200 kV
Active Power Dissipated
300.00 W
0.402 Mechanical HP
Ohmic Resistance
48.000 Ω
Conductance: 0.0208 S (Siemens)
Charge Carrier Flow Rate
2.500 A
1.56 × 10¹⁹ electrons / second
Energy per Unit Charge
120.00 J / C
Fundamental definition of 1 Volt
Terminal Load Voltage & Drop
12.38 V Drop (5.38%)
Exceeds NEC 3% Branch Limit
Terminal Voltage: 217.62 V at End of Run
Loop Conductor Resistance
0.619 Ω
90.0 m total copper loop
Cable Heat Power Loss (I²R)
247.7 W
Dissipated along feeder run
NEC / IEC Compliance Status
Non-Compliant
Exceeds standard 3.0% branch code
Recommended Upsized Size
6.0 mm²
Maintains voltage drop under 3.0%
Output Voltage (V_out)
2.381 V
Unloaded: 2.500 V (-4.76% load sag)
Thevenin Equivalent Voltage (V_th)
2.500 V
Open-circuit output potential
Thevenin Source Resistance (R_th)
5.00 kΩ
R₁ ∥ R₂ output impedance
Quiescent Bias Current (I_q)
250.0 µA
Idle current through R₁ and R₂
Transfer Attenuation (dB)
-6.44 dB
Ratio: 0.476× V_in